micro rna.jpg
micro RNA (let7; pink) bound to mRNA (lin-41; cyan). miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules important for gene regulation and implicated in cancer, obesity and heart disease.
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Stephen C. Meyer Philosopher of Science
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Can the Origin of the Genetic Code Be Explained by Direct RNA Templating?

Published in Bio-Complexity, Vol 2011
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Origin-of-life research has a big problem, and the DRT model purports to solve part of it. Critics of intelligent design have advanced the DRT model as the answer to the sequencing problem — how genetic information in RNA (in the hypothetical RNA world) eventually could have been translated into more stable and versatile proteins. In a peer-reviewed paper published in BIO-Complexity, Stephen C. Meyer and Paul Nelson take on DRT.  In their critical review of the research they explain how the sequencing problem has not been solved, even partially. Read the paper here.

Abstract: Motivated by the RNA world hypothesis, Michael Yarus and colleagues have proposed a model for the origin of the ‘universal’ genetic code, in which RNA aptamers directly template amino acids for protein assembly. Yarus et al. claim that this “direct RNA templating” (DRT) model provides a stereochemical basis for the origin of the code, as shown by the higher-than-expected frequency of cognate coding triplets in aptamer amino acid-binding sites. However, the DRT model suffers from several defects. These include the selective use of data, incorrect null models, a weak signal even from positive results, an implausible geometry for the primordial RNA template (in relation to the universally-conserved structures of modern ribosomes), and unsupported assumptions about the pre-biotic availability of amino acids. Although Yarus et al. claim that the DRT model undermines an intelligent design explanation for the origin of the genetic code, the model’s many shortcomings in fact illustrate the insufficiency of undirected chemistry to construct the semantic system represented by the code we see today.

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Stephen C. Meyer

Director, Center for Science and Culture
Dr. Stephen C. Meyer received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in the philosophy of science. A former geophysicist and college professor, he now directs the Center for Science and Culture at the Discovery Institute in Seattle. He is author of the New York Times-bestseller Darwin’s Doubt (2013) as well as the book Signature in the Cell (2009) and Return of the God Hypothesis (2021). In 2004, Meyer ignited a firestorm of media and scientific controversy when a biology journal at the Smithsonian Institution published his peer-reviewed scientific article advancing intelligent design. Meyer has been featured on national television and radio programs, including The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, CBS's Sunday Morning, NBC's Nightly News, ABC's World News, Good Morning America, Nightline, FOX News Live, and the Tavis Smiley show on PBS. He has also been featured in two New York Times front-page stories and has garnered attention in other top-national media.

Paul Nelson

Senior Fellow, Center for Science and Culture
Paul A. Nelson is currently a Senior Fellow of Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture and Adjunct Professor in the Master of Arts Program in Science & Religion at Biola University. He is a philosopher of biology who has been involved in the intelligent design debate internationally for three decades. His grandfather, Byron C. Nelson (1893-1972), a theologian and author, was an influential mid-20th century dissenter from Darwinian evolution. After Paul received his B.A. in philosophy with a minor in evolutionary biology from the University of Pittsburgh, he entered the University of Chicago, where he received his Ph.D. (1998) in the philosophy of biology and evolutionary theory.